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2018
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07
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27
蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)，有助(zhu)推蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良性發(fa)展(zhan)。做強(qiang)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，促進農(nong)民增(zeng)收(shou)。加強(qiang)農(nong)資監(jian)管，倡導綠色種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)安(an)(an)全(quan)問題不僅關(guan)系到(dao)(dao)人(ren)民群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命安(an)(an)全(quan)，還(huan)直(zhi)接(jie)關(guan)系到(dao)(dao)農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)效、農(nong)民增(zeng)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。目前，影(ying)響農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不安(an)(an)全(quan)因(yin)素(su)絕大(da)多數來源于農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)違規使(shi)用(yong)，而農(nong)藥(yao)化肥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終使(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)是廣(guang)(guang)大(da)農(nong)民，他們是農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終決定者(zhe)(zhe)，因(yin)此，提高(gao)廣(guang)(guang)大(da)農(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量安(an)(an)全(quan)意識非常重要(yao)(yao)(yao)。改變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)觀(guan)念，實現蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)標準化。如(ru)何(he)讓菜(cai)農(nong)轉變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)觀(guan)念，是蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)今后(hou)(hou)(hou)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之重。可以建立健全(quan)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)前、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)、普及(ji)、推廣(guang)(guang)體系。通(tong)過組建“蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)專家團”，為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)(guang)大(da)農(nong)民開展(zhan)定期培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)班，將(jiang)無公(gong)害(hai)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)、綠色蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)、有機(ji)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，設(she)施蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)連作控防(fang)(fang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，合理(li)(li)施肥技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和病蟲害(hai)綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)內(nei)容，提高(gao)菜(cai)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)意識和科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)平。為(wei)(wei)(wei)保證(zheng)殺(sha)(sha)菌消毒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，一(yi)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)確(que)保水(shui)溫。扦入(ru)一(yi)根溫度表，當(dang)水(shui)溫一(yi)下降(jiang)就加熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)；二是要(yao)(yao)(yao)達(da)到(dao)(dao)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時間。燙完種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)立即把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)從熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)出，投入(ru)冷水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冷卻，以免余熱(re)(re)(re)傷害(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。藥(yao)劑(ji)消毒。先用(yong)一(yi)般溫水(shui)將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)預浸(jin)(jin)4-5小時。起(qi)水(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)再浸(jin)(jin)入(ru)1%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸銅、或(huo)0.1%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)錳酸鉀水(shui)溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5分(fen)鐘(zhong)，或(huo)浸(jin)(jin)在100倍福爾馬林液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20分(fen)鐘(zhong)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)止辣椒(jiao)病毒病，可將(jiang)預浸(jin)(jin)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，再浸(jin)(jin)入(ru)10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磷酸三鈉溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20分(fen)鐘(zhong)。將(jiang)預浸(jin)(jin)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)放入(ru)1000mg/kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)用(yong)鏈霉素(su)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)(jin)30分(fen)鐘(zhong)，對(dui)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)瘡痂病、青枯病效果較好(hao)(hao)。用(yong)藥(yao)劑(ji)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，都要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)清(qing)水(shui)將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)沖洗干(gan)(gan)凈，才能催芽(ya)或(huo)直(zhi)接(jie)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。否則影(ying)響種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)。干(gan)(gan)熱(re)(re)(re)處理(li)(li)。將(jiang)充分(fen)干(gan)(gan)燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)置于70℃恒溫箱內(nei)干(gan)(gan)熱(re)(re)(re)處理(li)(li)72小時，可殺(sha)(sha)死(si)許多病原物，而不降(jiang)低種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)率。尤其對(dui)防(fang)(fang)止病毒病效果較好(hao)(hao)。科(ke)(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)進行(xing)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)很關(guan)鍵，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了更好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)各類蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)苗(miao)木進行(xing)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)，我公(gong)司技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)員不管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究適(shi)宜蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵條(tiao)件。做好(hao)(hao)下列(lie)幾點就能掌握好(hao)(hao)育(yu)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長環(huan)境。1、選擇(ze)合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)苗(miao)苗(miao)嶺與營養面積，穴(xue)...
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2018
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07
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27
培育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，銷(xiao)(xiao)售到(dao)(dao)全(quan)國(guo)各地，蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)銷(xiao)(xiao)售前(qian)，為了確保運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)質(zhi)量不(bu)受損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，我們應(ying)該做好(hao)(hao)(hao)下列幾點。 進行秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)護(hu)(hu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)措施。根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)器官，秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)生長發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦質(zhi)營(ying)養主要(yao)(yao)依靠根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)來(lai)吸收。所(suo)以(yi)，保護(hu)(hu)好(hao)(hao)(hao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)培育(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。在(zai)(zai)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)創造良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)，促(cu)使秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)和(he)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)達。但是(shi)(shi)，秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)會(hui)受到(dao)(dao)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)更容易傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)成活率(lv)和(he)延長緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。所(suo)以(yi)，育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)既要(yao)(yao)使秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)生長良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，又要(yao)(yao)使起(qi)(qi)(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)及定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)少(shao)(shao)受損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)取技(ji)術措施保護(hu)(hu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。 調節秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)結構。在(zai)(zai)秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)幼小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，利用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再生力強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)移(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)促(cu)使秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍，這(zhe)樣在(zai)(zai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)至于(yu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)多，從而可提高成苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)率(lv)、縮短緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間。 防止(zhi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)受損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。用(yong)營(ying)養苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)缽或營(ying)養土塊進行育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)護(hu)(hu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有效(xiao)并(bing)經常采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，尤其是(shi)(shi)培育(yu)(yu)大(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)護(hu)(hu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)方式(shi)(shi)無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)移(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)還是(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)都(dou)不(bu)易受到(dao)(dao)損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)而且(qie)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)集中(zhong)(zhong)。如果(guo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)到(dao)(dao)外地定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)也(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)(shao)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)。 應(ying)用(yong)基質(zhi)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)技(ji)術。為了避免根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)移(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)問題，提倡基質(zhi)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)技(ji)術，即(ji)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)穴盤(pan)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為發(fa)(fa)達，連同育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)盤(pan)一起(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)，在(zai)(zai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)及起(qi)(qi)(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)對秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)會(hui)有太大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)害，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)目前(qian)商品化育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)護(hu)(hu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)措施。 控(kong)制苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)越大(da)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)時(shi)(shi)對根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)越大(da)，而且(qie)大(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)或苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)過(guo)(guo)長，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)也(ye)不(bu)方便(bian)，所(suo)以(yi)，一般對需(xu)要(yao)(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秧(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，應(ying)該控(kong)制其苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)，最好(hao)(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)。
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2018
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07
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27
晝夜溫差(cha)變小(xiao)，偏施氮(dan)肥(fei)、澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)多，常使(shi)培育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)苗(miao)(miao)嚴重徒長，形成(cheng)了高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腳苗(miao)(miao)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)想(xiang)使(shi)番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腳苗(miao)(miao)由(you)旺(wang)轉壯，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)應做到(dao)(dao)(dao)以下兩方面： 改直(zhi)立栽為(wei)臥栽番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腳苗(miao)(miao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)改直(zhi)立栽為(wei)臥栽。臥栽是將(jiang)番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腳苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)大部分莖(jing)斜(xie)(xie)臥栽到(dao)(dao)(dao)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)，只讓(rang)其上部適宜(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)莖(jing)露(lu)在土(tu)壤(rang)表(biao)面。若直(zhi)立栽，番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)不(bu)僅生長慢，病害多，而(er)且產量低(di)。若臥栽，埋(mai)在土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)莖(jing)可(ke)以生根(gen)，形成(cheng)發達的(de)(de)(de)根(gen)系，增強(qiang)植(zhi)株(zhu)對土(tu)壤(rang)養分的(de)(de)(de)吸收、利(li)用能(neng)力，番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)不(bu)僅前(qian)期生長快，而(er)且后(hou)(hou)期開花結果(guo)早(zao)、產量高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。臥栽時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意以下三點：要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意讓(rang)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)，避(bi)免出現參(can)差(cha)不(bu)齊(qi)的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)；定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)最(zui)好使(shi)莖(jing)斜(xie)(xie)向北方，此后(hou)(hou)逐步扶正；埋(mai)在土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)莖(jing)上的(de)(de)(de)葉片(pian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)除掉，以免在土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)腐爛引發病害。 栽后(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)得當番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腳苗(miao)(miao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)管(guan)理(li)。一(yi)(yi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)拉大晝夜溫差(cha)，低(di)溫煉苗(miao)(miao)。番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腳苗(miao)(miao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)通風，控制棚內溫度(du)(du)，溫度(du)(du)以白天25℃~30℃、夜間(jian)14℃~15℃為(wei)宜(yi)，中(zhong)(zhong)午溫度(du)(du)過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)時(shi)可(ke)適當覆蓋遮(zhe)陽網(wang)。二要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意控水(shui)(shui)控肥(fei)。一(yi)(yi)般番(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)茄(qie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)腳苗(miao)(miao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)結果(guo)前(qian)這(zhe)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)無須(xu)施肥(fei)，基(ji)肥(fei)也應避(bi)免用含氮(dan)量過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)料(liao)。澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)也不(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)勤，可(ke)改以前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)每7~10天澆(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)(yi)次水(shui)(shui)為(wei)每10~15天澆(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)(yi)次水(shui)(shui)。
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2018
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07
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27
又到了烈日(ri)(ri)炎炎的(de)夏季(ji)，不(bu)少種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)植戶(hu)都(dou)發現同一(yi)個問(wen)(wen)題：自己的(de)蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)很容易枯萎(wei)，這(zhe)讓(rang)大家都(dou)非常苦惱，今天我們就(jiu)來(lai)簡單(dan)解(jie)釋一(yi)下這(zhe)個問(wen)(wen)題。其實這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)問(wen)(wen)題大多數都(dou)是(shi)(shi)因為缺少了水分(fen)，一(yi)旦水分(fen)不(bu)夠(gou)就(jiu)容易讓(rang)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)導(dao)致枯萎(wei)甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)潰爛，所以在購買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)的(de)時候(hou)一(yi)定(ding)要準(zhun)備好充足的(de)水分(fen)能夠(gou)讓(rang)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)在烈日(ri)(ri)下存活下來(lai)。
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2018
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07
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27
西(xi)紅柿苗(miao)(miao)(miao)做好(hao)移(yi)栽(zai)前(qian)秧(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)準(zhun)備工作:1、選(xuan)擇秧(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)標準(zhun)：秧(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生長健(jian)壯、整(zheng)齊、大(da)小適(shi)中(zhong)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)齡40-45天(tian)左右，株高15-20厘米，莖粗(cu)不(bu)低于0.3厘米，上(shang)下部(bu)莖粗(cu)基本一(yi)致，節間短；具有(you)(you)4-5片(pian)真葉(xie)，葉(xie)片(pian)肥大(da)，葉(xie)色濃(nong)綠、葉(xie)片(pian)無任何病(bing)斑；根(gen)系完整(zheng)，須根(gen)多，根(gen)系健(jian)壯，無徒長苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、老化苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、僵苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、病(bing)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)；經7天(tian)以上(shang)的(de)(de)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。 2、做好(hao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)養護：番茄苗(miao)(miao)(miao)拉到(dao)(dao)地頭(tou)后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)準(zhun)備遮蔭(yin)棚，因為(wei)大(da)棚內苗(miao)(miao)(miao)柔弱，太陽直射后(hou)(hou)易(yi)失水；地頭(tou)要(yao)準(zhun)備水罐(guan)、水池等進行浸盤，地頭(tou)擺放的(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)盤要(yao)全部(bu)噴濕，把(ba)水澆透(tou)，確保移(yi)栽(zai)田間后(hou)(hou)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)保持(chi)(chi)水分(fen)時(shi)間較長，提(ti)(ti)高成(cheng)活(huo)率。 西(xi)紅柿苗(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)栽(zai)質量要(yao)求:移(yi)栽(zai)時(shi)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)要(yao)放在孔穴(xue)中(zhong)間，土(tu)埋(mai)實(shi)，孔兩邊土(tu)要(yao)均(jun)勻壓下去(qu)；針對穴(xue)盤有(you)(you)些苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高有(you)(you)些淺，栽(zai)時(shi)小苗(miao)(miao)(miao)一(yi)定要(yao)上(shang)提(ti)(ti)一(yi)下，達到(dao)(dao)合適(shi)的(de)(de)深(shen)度。移(yi)栽(zai)要(yao)及時(shi)把(ba)膜孔封嚴，保持(chi)(chi)膜內墑情，嚴禁(jin)造成(cheng)膜孔板結。移(yi)栽(zai)深(shen)度宜深(shen)不(bu)宜淺，將土(tu)埋(mai)至子葉(xie)節為(wei)宜。栽(zai)后(hou)(hou)達到(dao)(dao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)直、土(tu)實(shi)、孔平(ping)，根(gen)系和土(tu)壤充分(fen)接(jie)觸。切(qie)忌(ji)移(yi)栽(zai)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)不(bu)壓實(shi)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)系不(bu)能緊密接(jie)觸土(tu)壤吸收足(zu)夠的(de)(de)水分(fen)，易(yi)“吊死”，影響成(cheng)活(huo)率。
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2018
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07
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溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)、保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（或加(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)），用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)栽培(pei)植物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)施。在不(bu)適宜植物生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)季節，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)(ti)供生(sheng)育期和(he)(he)增加(jia)產量(liang)(liang)，多用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)季節喜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蔬菜、花卉、林木(mu)等(deng)植物栽培(pei)或育苗(miao)等(deng)。主(zhu)要(yao)有三種性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)：耐(nai)(nai)(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)、保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)要(yao)考慮其耐(nai)(nai)(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)受(shou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材料(liao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)老化性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)體結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力等(deng)因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)除了(le)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)(du)外，還表(biao)現(xian)在材料(liao)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)隨著(zhu)(zhu)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延長(chang)(chang)而不(bu)斷衰減，而透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰減程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)是影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)材料(liao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決定性(xing)(xing)因(yin)素(su)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般鋼(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)在15年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)。要(yao)求(qiu)設(she)(she)計(ji)風(feng)、雪荷(he)載(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)25年(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遇最(zui)大(da)(da)荷(he)載(zai)；竹木(mu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)簡易(yi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)5~10年(nian)，設(she)(she)計(ji)風(feng)、雪荷(he)載(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)15年(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遇最(zui)大(da)(da)荷(he)載(zai)由于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運行長(chang)(chang)期處于(yu)(yu)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、高濕環境下，構(gou)(gou)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)防(fang)(fang)腐就成(cheng)(cheng)為影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素(su)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。鋼(gang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，受(shou)力主(zhu)體結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)薄(bo)壁型鋼(gang)，自身抗腐蝕(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力較差，在溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中采用(yong)(yong)(yong)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱(re)浸鍍(du)鋅表(biao)面(mian)防(fang)(fang)腐處理，鍍(du)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)達到(dao)150~200微米以(yi)上(shang)，可保(bao)(bao)證15年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。對于(yu)(yu)木(mu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)或鋼(gang)筋(jin)焊(han)接桁架結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)須(xu)(xu)保(bao)(bao)證每年(nian)作一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)表(biao)面(mian)防(fang)(fang)腐處理。二、保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冬季運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)障(zhang)礙。提(ti)(ti)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，降低(di)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗，是提(ti)(ti)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)直接手段。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)比(bi)是衡量(liang)(liang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項基本指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)比(bi)是指(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)阻(zu)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)材料(liao)覆(fu)蓋(gai)面(mian)積(ji)與熱(re)阻(zu)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圍護結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)覆(fu)蓋(gai)面(mian)積(ji)同地面(mian)積(ji)之(zhi)和(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)。保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)比(bi)越大(da)(da)，說(shuo)明溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)越好。三、透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是采光(guang)(guang)(guang)建(jian)筑，因(yin)而透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)是評(ping)價溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項最(zui)基本指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)是指(zhi)(zhi)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)進溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照量(liang)(liang)與室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外光(guang)(guang)(guang)照量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百分比(bi)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)受(shou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)覆(fu)蓋(gai)材料(liao)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)骨架陰影(ying)(ying)(ying)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，而且隨著(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)同季節太陽輻射角度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)也在隨時變化。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低(di)就成(cheng)(cheng)為作物生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)選擇(ze)種植作物品(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)因(yin)素(su)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般，連棟(dong)塑料(liao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在50%~60%，玻璃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)(lv)在60%~70%，日(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可達到(dao)70%以(yi)上(shang)...
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2018
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溫(wen)室(shi)黃瓜(gua)(gua)的秋冬(dong)茬(cha)、越冬(dong)茬(cha)、冬(dong)春茬(cha)，在苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期遇到連陰雨雪(xue)(xue)等不(bu)(bu)良天(tian)氣(qi)時(shi)，其管理(li)技術主要以加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)防寒保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)和(he)增強(qiang)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)為主。黃瓜(gua)(gua)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(1)防寒保(bao)(bao)溫(wen) 當寒流和(he)陰雨雪(xue)(xue)天(tian)氣(qi)到來之前，要嚴閉棚(peng)室(shi)，夜間加(jia)(jia)蓋整(zheng)體覆膜，棚(peng)室(shi)后墻和(he)山墻達不(bu)(bu)到應有(you)厚(hou)度的，可在墻外加(jia)(jia)護草及薄膜等加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)。(2)增加(jia)(jia)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao) 只要不(bu)(bu)下雨、不(bu)(bu)下雪(xue)(xue)，甚至(zhi)白天(tian)下小(xiao)雪(xue)(xue)時(shi)，都要堅持拉開草苫，利用微弱(ruo)(ruo)的散射光(guang)，增加(jia)(jia)棚(peng)內溫(wen)度，補(bu)充光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)，使黃瓜(gua)(gua)植株進(jin)(jin)行(xing)光(guang)合(he)作用。避免(mian)黃瓜(gua)(gua)植株長(chang)時(shi)間處于黑暗狀(zhuang)態，造(zao)成根、莖、葉生長(chang)嚴重(zhong)失衡。怎樣(yang)防止黃瓜(gua)(gua)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)戴帽出土(tu)(tu)(tu)?在黃瓜(gua)(gua)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)，經常出現戴帽出土(tu)(tu)(tu)現象，戴帽苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)易形(xing)成弱(ruo)(ruo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，影響苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)子(zi)光(guang)合(he)作用。 防治方法(fa)是(shi)精(jing)細整(zheng)床(chuang)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)要細、松、平整(zheng)，播種前要澆足底水。不(bu)(bu)能(neng)播干(gan)種，要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)浸種處理(li)，覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)要用潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)，且(qie)厚(hou)度要適宜(yi)，加(jia)(jia)蓋薄膜進(jin)(jin)行(xing)保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)，使種子(zi)從(cong)發(fa)芽到出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期間保(bao)(bao)持濕(shi)潤(run)狀(zhuang)態。幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)剛出土(tu)(tu)(tu)時(shi)，如果床(chuang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)過(guo)干(gan)要立即用噴壺灑水;發(fa)現有(you)覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)太淺的地方可以補(bu)撒一層濕(shi)潤(run)細土(tu)(tu)(tu);一旦發(fa)現戴帽苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)出現，要立即摘除。 常常受到鼠(shu)(shu)害，甚至(zhi)剛播完的種子(zi)就被老鼠(shu)(shu)吃掉。 滅鼠(shu)(shu)的方法(fa)很多(duo)，有(you)的采(cai)用人工(gong)捕捉，堵塞鼠(shu)(shu)洞。用滅鼠(shu)(shu)藥，或者用磷化鋅配(pei)制毒(du)餌，撒在老鼠(shu)(shu)經常出入的通道進(jin)(jin)行(xing)滅鼠(shu)(shu)，都有(you)一定的效果。
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2018
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智能溫室(shi)的補(bu)溫系統(tong)，采用熱(re)(re)鍍(du)鋅(xin)圓翼型翅片散熱(re)(re)器(qi)與苗床底部熱(re)(re)鍍(du)鋅(xin)鋼管散熱(re)(re)器(qi)相結(jie)合均溫升布置。以熱(re)(re)水為熱(re)(re)源，室(shi)溫下降緩慢，散熱(re)(re)均勻，不(bu)會對作物(wu)產生(sheng)局部劇烈影響。管道(dao)、連(lian)接件及(ji)閥門采用防(fang)銹防(fang)腐材料制(zhi)作。該系統(tong)具有(you)熱(re)(re)阻小(xiao)、熱(re)(re)效率高、安裝方(fang)便、耐壓高、不(bu)易滴漏(lou)和防(fang)腐能力強等優(you)點(dian)，同其他形式采暖設施相比(bi)，采暖性能優(you)越。